ABSTRACT
Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate thyroid status in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) patients and its response to donepezil and vitamin B12supplement therapy for 6 months.Design:Case-Control Observational study.Place and Duration:Department of Biochemistry, GGMC & Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India between March 2017 and July 2019.Methodology:Case-Control study comprised of 71 AD patients and 70 healthy controls above 60 years of age. Blood serum samples were analyzed forthyroid hormones levels by the chemiluminescence method. AD patients weretreated with donepezil (5mg/day) and vitamin B12supplement (1.5mg/day) and thyroid profile was observed at intervals of 3 and 6 months. Statistical evaluationwas done by using IMB SPSS statistics version 25.Results:Serum levels of thyroid hormones were low in euthyroidAD patients when compared with controls at the baseline level [T3 (120.64 ± 20.64 vs127.8 ± 17.29), T4 (7.71 ± 2.34 vs 7.54 ± 1.85), FT3 (1.2 ± 0.13 vs 2.26 ± 0.63) and FT4 (0.79 ± 0.08 vs 1.29 ± 0.27)]except TSH which was increased in AD [TSH (2.71 ± 1.19 vs 2.34 ± 0.65)]. During follow-ups at 3 and 6 months, there was a slight decrease in TSH levels in response to the therapy.Conclusion: The AD patients were euthyroid with low T3, FT3 and FT4 serum levels and high TSH serum levels. Thyroid hormones might play a role as markers for disease progression. Donepezil and vitamin B12therapy could not benefit restorethe normal thyroid functioning in a period of 6 months. Further longitudinal research with larger cohort might help in elucidating thyroid dysfunction in AD and develop novel therapeutic strategies.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action or both. T2DM is associated with chronic low grade inflammation, possibly through a pathway involving a cytokine-mediated acute-phase response to infection and other inflammatory processes. authors aim to study C-reactive protein (CRP) which is an acute-phase reactant produced primarily in the liver hepatocytes. Oxidative stress levels in newly diagnosed T2M patients were analysed with respect to malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO).Methods: Case-control study comprising of aged-sex matched subjects: newly diagnosed T2DM cases (n=30) and controls (n=30). The serum samples of subjects were analysed for levels of MDA by Buege and Aust method, while NO levels by Cortas and Wakid’s kinetic cadmium reduction method using spectrophotometer. CRP levels were analysed by using turbidimetry. Statistical analysis was done using Mini-tab 17 software with 95% confidence interval.Results: Serum levels of MDA, NO and CRP in newly diagnosed T2DM patients were significantly increased as compared to healthy controls.Conclusions: Authors concluded that the oxidative stress and inflammation plays a pivotal role in the aetiology of hyperglycemia in T2DM. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers might help prognosis of T2DM in hyperglycemic individuals with the help of which precautionary measure can be taken to reduce the rate of disease progression. Treatment involving anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory medications might help to rescue vital organs from damage.
ABSTRACT
Background: In recent years, progress in Tuberculosis (TB) control and eradication has been threatened by the emergence of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Several studies describe micronutrient malnutrition in TB. This study focuses on the effect of drug resistance and disease progression on levels of various vitamins.Methods: The case control study comprised of 50 normal healthy human volunteers (Control), 50 newly diagnosed TB patients (CAT I) and 50 TB patients showing multi drug resistance (MDR). Recruited subjects were of both genders in age group of 18- 60 years and from different socioeconomic status. Blood serum samples analysed for levels of Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Vitamin B12 and Folic acid by using Spectrophotometer, ELISA and Chemiluminescence instruments. Statistical evaluation was done for correlation among variables.Results: The levels of vitamins in TB patients were significantly reduced when compared with controls. Also, MDR-TB patients showed severe malnourished state in comparison to those who were newly diagnosed for the disease.Conclusions: There is a need to provide vitamin supplements in proper sufficient dosage with anti-TB drugs during treatment, which will help fight against the disease and ensure rapid recovery of the patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to find the relative risks of prostate cancer incidence associated with screening by serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and vitamin B12 levels.Methods: Serum samples of 488 subjects above 40 years withouttreatment or puncture/rectal examination were screened for PSA levels using Chemiluminescence. Prostate cancer cases and control groups were analysed for vitamin B12 using Chemiluminescence and alkaline phosphatase using fully automated chemistry analyser. The relation of ALP and Vitamin B12 to levels of PSA in prostate cancer was examined.Results: Incidence rate for the screening on the risk of prostate cancer by PSA levels and metastasis involvementwas significant. Out of 488 screened subjects, 347 were within normal range according to age reference values, 30 were showing prostate cancer, and 111 were with the high risk of metastasis. Results of the case-control analysis showed a positive correlation among ALP and PSA levels and negative with vitamin B12.